The Gamma Ray Sky with Compton Gro and Sigma: Proceedings of the Nato Advanced Study Institute, Les Houches, France, January 25-february 4, 1994 - Nato Science Series C

Marc Notes: Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division.; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the Gamma Ray Sky with Compton GRO and SIGMA, Les Houches, France January 25-February 4, 1994--T.p. verso.; Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Table of Contents: Preface. I: Introductory Lectures. The COMPTON Gamma Ray Observatory: Highlights from the First Three Years of the Mission; N. Gehrels, C. Shrader, D. A. Kniffen. Overview of the SIGMA Results; J. Paul. TEV Gamma-Ray Astronomy, Techniques; T. C. Weekes. II: Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Sources. High-Energy Radiation from Active Galactic Nuclei: Implications for AGN Unification Scenarios: C. D. Dermer. Modelling the High Energy Spectra of AGN; G. Henri. Multi-wavelength Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei; T. J.-L. Courvoisier. OSSE Observations of Galactic Nuclei; J. D. Kurfess, W. N. Johnson, K. McNaron-Brown. EGRET Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei; R. C. Hartman. TEV Gamma-Ray Astronomy, Extragalactic Sources; T. C. Weekes. III: Gamma-Ray Backgrounds. Diffuse Gamma Rays from WIMP Decay and Annihilation; M. Kamionkowski. The Diffuse Gamma Ray from Cosmic Ray Interactions in the Galaxy; P. Chardonnet. Diffuse Galactic Continuum Emission; E. W. Strong. EGRET Observations of the Diffuse Galactic and Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Backgrounds; P. F. Michelson. IV: Galactic Gamma-Ray Sources. The Equation of State of Dense Matter; D. Vautherin. Binary Pulsar Shock Emission as Galactic Gamma-Ray Sources; M. Tavani. TEV Gamma-Ray Astronomy/Galactic Sources; T. C. Weekes. EGRET Observations of Galactic Gamma-Ray Sources; G. Kanbach. BATSE Observations of Galactic Black Hole Candidates; W. S. Paciesas, B. A. Harmon, B. C. Rubin, C. A. Wilson, S. N. Zhang. Observations of Discrete Galactic Sources with OSSE; J. D. Kurfess, M. S. Strickman, J. E. Grove. V: The Galactic Center. SIGMA Observations of the Galactic Center in the Hard X-Ray and Soft &Ggr;-Ray Regime; B. Cordier. Balloon Observations of the Galactic Center 511keV Line and their Relationship to Satellite Results; B. J. Teegarden. VI: Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy. Gamma-Ray Producing Radioactivities from Supernova Explosions; R. D. Hoffman, S. E. Woosley, T. A. Weaver, F. X. Timmes, R. G. Eastman, D. H. Hartmann. Astrophysical Gamma-Ray Lines from Accelerated Particle Interactions; R. Ramaty. Gamma-Ray Line Observations with the COMPTEL Imaging Telescope; R. L. Diehl. Gamma-Ray Line Observational Results from OSSE; J. D. Kurfess, R. J. Murphy, M. D. Leising, W. R. Purcell. VII: Gamma-Ray Bursts. Gamma-Ray Bursts: Theoretical Considerations; D. H. Hartmann. Statistics of the Gamma-Ray Burst Population; J. L. Atteia. Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts; G. J. Fishman. Inquisitive Correlations in the BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Data; N. J. Shaviv. Gamma Ray Bursts, Inverse COMPTON Scattering and the Processing Jets in Galactic Halo; D. Fargion, A. Salis. VIII: Conclusion. Summary; A. W. Strong. Author Index. Subject Index. Publisher Marketing: This volume consists of invited lectures and seminars presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute "The Gamma Ray Sky with COMPTON GRO and SIGMA," which was held at the Centre de Physique Theorique of Les Houches (France) in January / February 1994. The school has been planned by a Scientific Organizing Committee. It was organized with the aim of providing students and young researchers with an up-to-date account of the high-energy phenomena in the vicinity of compact objets and the diffuse gamma-ray backgrounds after the early results from the gamma-ray telescope SIGMA and the four instruments onboard COMPTON GRO (Gamma Ray Observatory): BATSE (Burst and Transient Source Experiment), COMPTEL(Compto'l Telescope), EGRET (Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope) and OS SE(Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment) . It was attended by more than sixty researchers from many countries. The lectures and seminars represent a complete coverage of our present knowledge and understanding of: Gamma-ray backgrounds, Gamma-ray Burts, Active Galactic Nuclei, Galactic Compact Objects, Gamma-ray Spectroscopy, Instrumentation and observation techniques, etc ... Most of these lectures are reproduced in this volume. Unfortunately, a few lecturers have chosen not to submit their manuscrip

Contributor Bio:  North Atlantic Treaty Organization Dedication. Preface. Acknowledgments. Clifford Geometric Algebras in Multilinear Algebra and Non-Euclidean Geometries.- Geometric algebra Projective Geometries; Affine and other geometries; Affine Geometry of pseudo-euclidean space; Conformal Geometry and the Horosphere; References. Content-Based Information Retrieval by Group Theoretical Methods.- Introduction; Motivating Examples; General Concept; Fault Tolerance.- Applications, Prototypes, and Test Results; Related Work and Future Research; References.- Four Problems in Radar.-Introduction; Radar Fundamentals; Radar Waveforms; Signal Processing; Space-Time Adaptive Processing; Four Problems in Radar; Conclusions. Introduction to Generalized Classical and Quantum Signal and System Theories on Groups and Hypergroups.-Generalized classical signal/system theory on hypergroups; Generalized quantum signal/system theory on hypergroups; Conclusion; References. Lie Groups and Lie Algebras in Robotics.- Introduction -- Rigid Body Motions; Lie Groups; Finite Screw Motions; Mechanical Joints; Invisible Motion and Gripping; Forward Kinematics; Lie Algebra; The Adjoint Representation; The Exponential Map Derivatives of Exponentials; Jacobians; Concluding Remarks; References. Quantum/Classical Interface: a Geometric Approach from the Classical Side.- Introduction Paravector Space as Spacetime; Eigenspinors; Spin; Dirac Equation; Bell's Theorem; Qubits and Entanglement; Conclusions; References. PONS, Reed-Muller Codes, and Group Algebras.- Introduction; Analytic Theory of One-Dimensional PONS (Welti); Shapiro Sequences, Reed-Muller Codes, and Functional Equations; Group Algebras; Reformulation of Classical PONS; Group Algebra of Classical PONS; GroupAlgebra Convolution; Splitting Sequences; Historical Appendix on PONS; References. Clifford Algebras as a Unified Language.- Introduction; Clifford algebras as models of physical spaces; Clifford Algebras as Models of Perceptual Multicolor Spaces; Hypercomplex-Valued invariants of nD multicolor images; Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References. Recent Progress and Applications in Group FFTs.-Introduction; Finite group FFTs; FFTs for compact groups; Noncompact groups; References. Group Filters and Image Processing.- Introduction: Classical Digital Signal Processing; Abelian Group DSP; Nonabelian Groups; Examples; Group Transforms; Group Filters; Line-like Images; Acknowledgments; References. A Geometric Algebra Approach to Some Problems of Robot Vision.- Introduction; Local Analysis of Multi-dimensional Signals; Knowledge Based Neural Computing; Acknowledgments; References. Group Theory in Radar and Signal Processing.- Introduction; How a Radar Works; Representations; Representations and Radar; Ambiguity Functions; The Wide Band Case; References. Geometry of Paravector Space with Applications to Relativistic Physics.- Clifford Algebras in Physics; Paravector Space as Spacetime; Interpretation; Eigenspinors; Maxwell's Equation; Conclusions; References. A Unified Approach to Fourier-Clifford-Prometheus Transforms- Introduction; New construction of classical and multiparametric Prometheus transforms; PONS associated with Abelian groups; Fast Fourier-Prometheus Transforms; Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References. Fast Color Wavelet Transforms.- Introduction; Color images; Color Wavelet-Haar-Prometheus transforms; Edge detection and compression of color images; Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References. Selected Problems; Various Authors.- Transformations of Euclidean Space and Clifford Geometric; Algebra; References; On the Distribution of Kloosterman Sums on Polynomials over Quaternions; References; Harmonic Sliding Analysis Problems; References; Spectral Analysis under Conditions of Uncertainty; A Canonical Basis for Maximal Tori of the Reductive Centrizer of a Nilpotent Element; References; 6 The Quantum Chaos Conjecture References; Four Problems in Radar; Topic Index; Author Index